Web interfaces

Control UI

The Control UI is a small Vite + Lit single-page app served by the Gateway:

  • default: http://<host>:18789/
  • optional prefix: set gateway.controlUi.basePath (e.g. /openclaw)

It speaks directly to the Gateway WebSocket on the same port.

Quick open (local)

If the Gateway is running on the same computer, open:

If the page fails to load, start the Gateway first: openclaw gateway.

Auth is supplied during the WebSocket handshake via:

  • connect.params.auth.token
  • connect.params.auth.password
  • Tailscale Serve identity headers when gateway.auth.allowTailscale: true
  • trusted-proxy identity headers when gateway.auth.mode: "trusted-proxy"

The dashboard settings panel keeps a token for the current browser tab session and selected gateway URL; passwords are not persisted. Onboarding usually generates a gateway token for shared-secret auth on first connect, but password auth works too when gateway.auth.mode is "password".

Device pairing (first connection)

When you connect to the Control UI from a new browser or device, the Gateway usually requires a one-time pairing approval. This is a security measure to prevent unauthorized access.

What you'll see: "disconnected (1008): pairing required"

  • List pending requests

    openclaw devices list
    
  • Approve by request ID

    openclaw devices approve <requestId>
    
  • If the browser retries pairing with changed auth details (role/scopes/public key), the previous pending request is superseded and a new requestId is created. Re-run openclaw devices list before approval.

    If the browser is already paired and you change it from read access to write/admin access, this is treated as an approval upgrade, not a silent reconnect. OpenClaw keeps the old approval active, blocks the broader reconnect, and asks you to approve the new scope set explicitly.

    Once approved, the device is remembered and won't require re-approval unless you revoke it with openclaw devices revoke --device <id> --role <role>. See Devices CLI for token rotation and revocation.

    Personal identity (browser-local)

    The Control UI supports a per-browser personal identity (display name and avatar) attached to outgoing messages for attribution in shared sessions. It lives in browser storage, is scoped to the current browser profile, and is not synced to other devices or persisted server-side beyond the normal transcript authorship metadata on messages you actually send. Clearing site data or switching browsers resets it to empty.

    The same browser-local pattern applies to the assistant avatar override. Uploaded assistant avatars overlay the gateway-resolved identity on the local browser only and never round-trip through config.patch. The shared ui.assistant.avatar config field is still available for non-UI clients writing the field directly (such as scripted gateways or custom dashboards).

    Runtime config endpoint

    The Control UI fetches its runtime settings from /__openclaw/control-ui-config.json. That endpoint is gated by the same gateway auth as the rest of the HTTP surface: unauthenticated browsers cannot fetch it, and a successful fetch requires either an already valid gateway token/password, Tailscale Serve identity, or a trusted-proxy identity.

    Language support

    The Control UI can localize itself on first load based on your browser locale. To override it later, open Overview -> Gateway Access -> Language. The locale picker lives in the Gateway Access card, not under Appearance.

    • Supported locales: en, zh-CN, zh-TW, pt-BR, de, es, ja-JP, ko, fr, ar, it, tr, uk, id, pl, th, vi, nl, fa
    • Non-English translations are lazy-loaded in the browser.
    • The selected locale is saved in browser storage and reused on future visits.
    • Missing translation keys fall back to English.

    Docs translations are generated for the same non-English locale set, but the docs site's built-in Mintlify language picker is limited to the locale codes Mintlify accepts. Thai (th) and Persian (fa) docs are still generated in the publish repo; they may not appear in that picker until Mintlify supports those codes.

    Appearance themes

    The Appearance panel keeps the built-in Claw, Knot, and Dash themes, plus one browser-local tweakcn import slot. To import a theme, open tweakcn editor, choose or create a theme, click Share, and paste the copied theme link into Appearance. The importer also accepts https://tweakcn.com/r/themes/<id> registry URLs, editor URLs like https://tweakcn.com/editor/theme?theme=amethyst-haze, relative /themes/<id> paths, raw theme IDs, and default theme names such as amethyst-haze.

    Imported themes are stored only in the current browser profile. They are not written to gateway config and do not sync across devices. Replacing the imported theme updates the one local slot; clearing it switches the active theme back to Claw if the imported theme was selected.

    What it can do (today)

    Chat and Talk
    • Chat with the model via Gateway WS (chat.history, chat.send, chat.abort, chat.inject).
    • Chat history refreshes request a bounded recent window with per-message text caps so large sessions do not force the browser to render a full transcript payload before the chat becomes usable.
    • Talk through browser realtime sessions. OpenAI uses direct WebRTC, Google Live uses a constrained one-use browser token over WebSocket, and backend-only realtime voice plugins use the Gateway relay transport. Client-owned provider sessions start with talk.client.create; Gateway relay sessions start with talk.session.create. The relay keeps provider credentials on the Gateway while the browser streams microphone PCM through talk.session.appendAudio and forwards openclaw_agent_consult provider tool calls through talk.client.toolCall for Gateway policy and the larger configured OpenClaw model.
    • Stream tool calls + live tool output cards in Chat (agent events).
    Channels, instances, sessions, dreams
    • Channels: built-in plus bundled/external plugin channels status, QR login, and per-channel config (channels.status, web.login.*, config.patch).
    • Channel probe refreshes keep the previous snapshot visible while slow provider checks finish, and partial snapshots are labeled when a probe or audit exceeds its UI budget.
    • Instances: presence list + refresh (system-presence).
    • Sessions: list configured-agent sessions by default, fall back from stale unconfigured agent session keys, and apply per-session model/thinking/fast/verbose/trace/reasoning overrides (sessions.list, sessions.patch).
    • Dreams: dreaming status, enable/disable toggle, and Dream Diary reader (doctor.memory.status, doctor.memory.dreamDiary, config.patch).
    Cron, skills, nodes, exec approvals
    • Cron jobs: list/add/edit/run/enable/disable + run history (cron.*).
    • Skills: status, enable/disable, install, API key updates (skills.*).
    • Nodes: list + caps (node.list).
    • Exec approvals: edit gateway or node allowlists + ask policy for exec host=gateway/node (exec.approvals.*).
    Config
    • View/edit ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json (config.get, config.set).
    • Apply + restart with validation (config.apply) and wake the last active session.
    • Writes include a base-hash guard to prevent clobbering concurrent edits.
    • Writes (config.set/config.apply/config.patch) preflight active SecretRef resolution for refs in the submitted config payload; unresolved active submitted refs are rejected before write.
    • Schema + form rendering (config.schema / config.schema.lookup, including field title / description, matched UI hints, immediate child summaries, docs metadata on nested object/wildcard/array/composition nodes, plus plugin + channel schemas when available); Raw JSON editor is available only when the snapshot has a safe raw round-trip.
    • If a snapshot cannot safely round-trip raw text, Control UI forces Form mode and disables Raw mode for that snapshot.
    • Raw JSON editor "Reset to saved" preserves the raw-authored shape (formatting, comments, $include layout) instead of re-rendering a flattened snapshot, so external edits survive a reset when the snapshot can safely round-trip.
    • Structured SecretRef object values are rendered read-only in form text inputs to prevent accidental object-to-string corruption.
    Debug, logs, update
    • Debug: status/health/models snapshots + event log + manual RPC calls (status, health, models.list).
    • The event log includes Control UI refresh/RPC timings, slow chat/config render timings, and browser responsiveness entries for long animation frames or long tasks when the browser exposes those PerformanceObserver entry types.
    • Logs: live tail of gateway file logs with filter/export (logs.tail).
    • Update: run a package/git update + restart (update.run) with a restart report, then poll update.status after reconnect to verify the running gateway version.
    Cron jobs panel notes
    • For isolated jobs, delivery defaults to announce summary. You can switch to none if you want internal-only runs.
    • Channel/target fields appear when announce is selected.
    • Webhook mode uses delivery.mode = "webhook" with delivery.to set to a valid HTTP(S) webhook URL.
    • For main-session jobs, webhook and none delivery modes are available.
    • Advanced edit controls include delete-after-run, clear agent override, cron exact/stagger options, agent model/thinking overrides, and best-effort delivery toggles.
    • Form validation is inline with field-level errors; invalid values disable the save button until fixed.
    • Set cron.webhookToken to send a dedicated bearer token, if omitted the webhook is sent without an auth header.
    • Deprecated fallback: stored legacy jobs with notify: true can still use cron.webhook until migrated.

    Chat behavior

    Send and history semantics
    • chat.send is non-blocking: it acks immediately with { runId, status: "started" } and the response streams via chat events.
    • Chat uploads accept images plus non-video files. Images keep the native image path; other files are stored as managed media and shown in history as attachment links.
    • Re-sending with the same idempotencyKey returns { status: "in_flight" } while running, and { status: "ok" } after completion.
    • chat.history responses are size-bounded for UI safety. When transcript entries are too large, Gateway may truncate long text fields, omit heavy metadata blocks, and replace oversized messages with a placeholder ([chat.history omitted: message too large]).
    • Assistant/generated images are persisted as managed media references and served back through authenticated Gateway media URLs, so reloads do not depend on raw base64 image payloads staying in the chat history response.
    • When rendering chat.history, the Control UI strips display-only inline directive tags from visible assistant text (for example [[reply_to_*]] and [[audio_as_voice]]), plain-text tool-call XML payloads (including <tool_call>...</tool_call>, <function_call>...</function_call>, <tool_calls>...</tool_calls>, <function_calls>...</function_calls>, and truncated tool-call blocks), and leaked ASCII/full-width model control tokens, and omits assistant entries whose whole visible text is only the exact silent token NO_REPLY / no_reply or the heartbeat acknowledgement token HEARTBEAT_OK.
    • During an active send and the final history refresh, the chat view keeps local optimistic user/assistant messages visible if chat.history briefly returns an older snapshot; the canonical transcript replaces those local messages once the Gateway history catches up.
    • Live chat events are delivery state, while chat.history is rebuilt from the durable session transcript. After tool-final events the Control UI reloads history and merges only a small optimistic tail; the transcript boundary is documented in WebChat.
    • chat.inject appends an assistant note to the session transcript and broadcasts a chat event for UI-only updates (no agent run, no channel delivery).
    • The chat header shows the agent filter before the session picker, and the session picker is scoped by the selected agent. Switching agents shows only sessions tied to that agent and falls back to that agent's main session when it has no saved dashboard sessions yet.
    • On desktop widths, chat controls stay on one compact row and collapse while scrolling down the transcript; scrolling up, returning to the top, or reaching the bottom restores the controls.
    • Consecutive duplicate text-only messages render as one bubble with a count badge. Messages that carry images, attachments, tool output, or canvas previews are left uncollapsed.
    • The chat header model and thinking pickers patch the active session immediately through sessions.patch; they are persistent session overrides, not one-turn-only send options.
    • Typing /new in the Control UI creates and switches to the same fresh dashboard session as New Chat. Typing /reset keeps the Gateway's explicit in-place reset for the current session.
    • The chat model picker requests the Gateway's configured model view. If agents.defaults.models is present, that allowlist drives the picker. Otherwise the picker shows explicit models.providers.*.models entries plus providers with usable auth. The full catalog stays available through the debug models.list RPC with view: "all".
    • When fresh Gateway session usage reports include current context tokens, the chat composer area shows a compact context usage indicator. It switches to warning styling at high context pressure and, at recommended compaction levels, shows a compact button that runs the normal session compaction path. Stale token snapshots are hidden until the Gateway reports fresh usage again.
    Talk mode (browser realtime)

    Talk mode uses a registered realtime voice provider. Configure OpenAI with talk.realtime.provider: "openai" plus talk.realtime.providers.openai.apiKey, or configure Google with talk.realtime.provider: "google" plus talk.realtime.providers.google.apiKey. The browser never receives a standard provider API key. OpenAI receives an ephemeral Realtime client secret for WebRTC. Google Live receives a one-use constrained Live API auth token for a browser WebSocket session, with instructions and tool declarations locked into the token by the Gateway. Providers that only expose a backend realtime bridge run through the Gateway relay transport, so credentials and vendor sockets stay server-side while browser audio moves through authenticated Gateway RPCs. The Realtime session prompt is assembled by the Gateway; talk.client.create does not accept caller-provided instruction overrides.

    In the Chat composer, the Talk control is the waves button next to the microphone dictation button. When Talk starts, the composer status row shows Connecting Talk..., then Talk live while audio is connected, or Asking OpenClaw... while a realtime tool call is consulting the configured larger model through talk.client.toolCall.

    Maintainer live smoke: OPENAI_API_KEY=... GEMINI_API_KEY=... node --import tsx scripts/dev/realtime-talk-live-smoke.ts verifies the OpenAI browser WebRTC SDP exchange, Google Live constrained-token browser WebSocket setup, and the Gateway relay browser adapter with fake microphone media. The command prints provider status only and does not log secrets.

    Stop and abort
    • Click Stop (calls chat.abort).
    • While a run is active, normal follow-ups queue. Click Steer on a queued message to inject that follow-up into the running turn.
    • Type /stop (or standalone abort phrases like stop, stop action, stop run, stop openclaw, please stop) to abort out-of-band.
    • chat.abort supports { sessionKey } (no runId) to abort all active runs for that session.
    Abort partial retention
    • When a run is aborted, partial assistant text can still be shown in the UI.
    • Gateway persists aborted partial assistant text into transcript history when buffered output exists.
    • Persisted entries include abort metadata so transcript consumers can tell abort partials from normal completion output.

    PWA install and web push

    The Control UI ships a manifest.webmanifest and a service worker, so modern browsers can install it as a standalone PWA. Web Push lets the Gateway wake the installed PWA with notifications even when the tab or browser window is not open.

    Surface What it does
    ui/public/manifest.webmanifest PWA manifest. Browsers offer "Install app" once it is reachable.
    ui/public/sw.js Service worker that handles push events and notification clicks.
    push/vapid-keys.json (under the OpenClaw state dir) Auto-generated VAPID keypair used to sign Web Push payloads.
    push/web-push-subscriptions.json Persisted browser subscription endpoints.

    Override the VAPID keypair through env vars on the Gateway process when you want to pin keys (for multi-host deployments, secrets rotation, or tests):

    • OPENCLAW_VAPID_PUBLIC_KEY
    • OPENCLAW_VAPID_PRIVATE_KEY
    • OPENCLAW_VAPID_SUBJECT (defaults to mailto:openclaw@localhost)

    The Control UI uses these scope-gated Gateway methods to register and test browser subscriptions:

    • push.web.vapidPublicKey — fetches the active VAPID public key.
    • push.web.subscribe — registers an endpoint plus keys.p256dh/keys.auth.
    • push.web.unsubscribe — removes a registered endpoint.
    • push.web.test — sends a test notification to the caller's subscription.

    Hosted embeds

    Assistant messages can render hosted web content inline with the [embed ...] shortcode. The iframe sandbox policy is controlled by gateway.controlUi.embedSandbox:

    strict

    Disables script execution inside hosted embeds.

    scripts (default)

    Allows interactive embeds while keeping origin isolation; this is the default and is usually enough for self-contained browser games/widgets.

    trusted

    Adds allow-same-origin on top of allow-scripts for same-site documents that intentionally need stronger privileges.

    Example:

    {
      gateway: {
        controlUi: {
          embedSandbox: "scripts",
        },
      },
    }
    

    Absolute external http(s) embed URLs stay blocked by default. If you intentionally want [embed url="https://..."] to load third-party pages, set gateway.controlUi.allowExternalEmbedUrls: true.

    Chat message width

    Grouped chat messages use a readable default max-width. Wide-monitor deployments can override it without patching bundled CSS by setting gateway.controlUi.chatMessageMaxWidth:

    {
      gateway: {
        controlUi: {
          chatMessageMaxWidth: "min(1280px, 82%)",
        },
      },
    }
    

    The value is validated before it reaches the browser. Supported values include plain lengths and percentages such as 960px or 82%, plus constrained min(...), max(...), clamp(...), calc(...), and fit-content(...) width expressions.

    Tailnet access (recommended)

    Integrated Tailscale Serve (preferred)

    Keep the Gateway on loopback and let Tailscale Serve proxy it with HTTPS:

    openclaw gateway --tailscale serve
    

    Open:

    • https://<magicdns>/ (or your configured gateway.controlUi.basePath)

    By default, Control UI/WebSocket Serve requests can authenticate via Tailscale identity headers (tailscale-user-login) when gateway.auth.allowTailscale is true. OpenClaw verifies the identity by resolving the x-forwarded-for address with tailscale whois and matching it to the header, and only accepts these when the request hits loopback with Tailscale's x-forwarded-* headers. For Control UI operator sessions with browser device identity, this verified Serve path also skips the device-pairing round trip; device-less browsers and node-role connections still follow the normal device checks. Set gateway.auth.allowTailscale: false if you want to require explicit shared-secret credentials even for Serve traffic. Then use gateway.auth.mode: "token" or "password".

    For that async Serve identity path, failed auth attempts for the same client IP and auth scope are serialized before rate-limit writes. Concurrent bad retries from the same browser can therefore show retry later on the second request instead of two plain mismatches racing in parallel.

    Bind to tailnet + token

    openclaw gateway --bind tailnet --token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"
    

    Then open:

    • http://<tailscale-ip>:18789/ (or your configured gateway.controlUi.basePath)

    Paste the matching shared secret into the UI settings (sent as connect.params.auth.token or connect.params.auth.password).

    Insecure HTTP

    If you open the dashboard over plain HTTP (http://<lan-ip> or http://<tailscale-ip>), the browser runs in a non-secure context and blocks WebCrypto. By default, OpenClaw blocks Control UI connections without device identity.

    Documented exceptions:

    • localhost-only insecure HTTP compatibility with gateway.controlUi.allowInsecureAuth=true
    • successful operator Control UI auth through gateway.auth.mode: "trusted-proxy"
    • break-glass gateway.controlUi.dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth=true

    Recommended fix: use HTTPS (Tailscale Serve) or open the UI locally:

    • https://<magicdns>/ (Serve)
    • http://127.0.0.1:18789/ (on the gateway host)
    Insecure-auth toggle behavior
    {
      gateway: {
        controlUi: { allowInsecureAuth: true },
        bind: "tailnet",
        auth: { mode: "token", token: "replace-me" },
      },
    }
    

    allowInsecureAuth is a local compatibility toggle only:

    • It allows localhost Control UI sessions to proceed without device identity in non-secure HTTP contexts.
    • It does not bypass pairing checks.
    • It does not relax remote (non-localhost) device identity requirements.
    Break-glass only
    {
      gateway: {
        controlUi: { dangerouslyDisableDeviceAuth: true },
        bind: "tailnet",
        auth: { mode: "token", token: "replace-me" },
      },
    }
    
    Trusted-proxy note
    • Successful trusted-proxy auth can admit operator Control UI sessions without device identity.
    • This does not extend to node-role Control UI sessions.
    • Same-host loopback reverse proxies still do not satisfy trusted-proxy auth; see Trusted proxy auth.

    See Tailscale for HTTPS setup guidance.

    Content security policy

    The Control UI ships with a tight img-src policy: only same-origin assets, data: URLs, and locally generated blob: URLs are allowed. Remote http(s) and protocol-relative image URLs are rejected by the browser and do not issue network fetches.

    What this means in practice:

    • Avatars and images served under relative paths (for example /avatars/<id>) still render, including authenticated avatar routes that the UI fetches and converts into local blob: URLs.
    • Inline data:image/... URLs still render (useful for in-protocol payloads).
    • Local blob: URLs created by the Control UI still render.
    • Remote avatar URLs emitted by channel metadata are stripped at the Control UI's avatar helpers and replaced with the built-in logo/badge, so a compromised or malicious channel cannot force arbitrary remote image fetches from an operator browser.

    You do not need to change anything to get this behavior — it is always on and not configurable.

    Avatar route auth

    When gateway auth is configured, the Control UI avatar endpoint requires the same gateway token as the rest of the API:

    • GET /avatar/<agentId> returns the avatar image only to authenticated callers. GET /avatar/<agentId>?meta=1 returns the avatar metadata under the same rule.
    • Unauthenticated requests to either route are rejected (matching the sibling assistant-media route). This prevents the avatar route from leaking agent identity on hosts that are otherwise protected.
    • The Control UI itself forwards the gateway token as a bearer header when fetching avatars, and uses authenticated blob URLs so the image still renders in dashboards.

    If you disable gateway auth (not recommended on shared hosts), the avatar route also becomes unauthenticated, in line with the rest of the gateway.

    Assistant media route auth

    When gateway auth is configured, assistant local-media previews use a two-step route:

    • GET /__openclaw__/assistant-media?meta=1&source=<path> requires the normal Control UI operator auth. The browser sends the gateway token as a bearer header when checking availability.
    • Successful metadata responses include a short-lived mediaTicket scoped to that exact source path.
    • Browser-rendered image, audio, video, and document URLs use mediaTicket=<ticket> instead of the active gateway token or password. The ticket expires quickly and cannot authorize a different source.

    This keeps normal media rendering compatible with browser-native media elements without putting reusable gateway credentials in visible media URLs.

    Building the UI

    The Gateway serves static files from dist/control-ui. Build them with:

    pnpm ui:build
    

    Optional absolute base (when you want fixed asset URLs):

    OPENCLAW_CONTROL_UI_BASE_PATH=/openclaw/ pnpm ui:build
    

    For local development (separate dev server):

    pnpm ui:dev
    

    Then point the UI at your Gateway WS URL (e.g. ws://127.0.0.1:18789).

    Debugging/testing: dev server + remote Gateway

    The Control UI is static files; the WebSocket target is configurable and can be different from the HTTP origin. This is handy when you want the Vite dev server locally but the Gateway runs elsewhere.

  • Start the UI dev server

    pnpm ui:dev
    
  • Open with gatewayUrl

    http://localhost:5173/?gatewayUrl=ws%3A%2F%2F<gateway-host>%3A18789
    

    Optional one-time auth (if needed):

    http://localhost:5173/?gatewayUrl=wss%3A%2F%2F<gateway-host>%3A18789#token=<gateway-token>
    
  • Notes
    • gatewayUrl is stored in localStorage after load and removed from the URL.
    • If you pass a full ws:// or wss:// endpoint via gatewayUrl, URL-encode the gatewayUrl value so the browser parses the query string correctly.
    • token should be passed via the URL fragment (#token=...) whenever possible. Fragments are not sent to the server, which avoids request-log and Referer leakage. Legacy ?token= query params are still imported once for compatibility, but only as a fallback, and are stripped immediately after bootstrap.
    • password is kept in memory only.
    • When gatewayUrl is set, the UI does not fall back to config or environment credentials. Provide token (or password) explicitly. Missing explicit credentials is an error.
    • Use wss:// when the Gateway is behind TLS (Tailscale Serve, HTTPS proxy, etc.).
    • gatewayUrl is only accepted in a top-level window (not embedded) to prevent clickjacking.
    • Non-loopback Control UI deployments must set gateway.controlUi.allowedOrigins explicitly (full origins). This includes remote dev setups.
    • Gateway startup may seed local origins such as http://localhost:<port> and http://127.0.0.1:<port> from the effective runtime bind and port, but remote browser origins still need explicit entries.
    • Do not use gateway.controlUi.allowedOrigins: ["*"] except for tightly controlled local testing. It means allow any browser origin, not "match whatever host I am using."
    • gateway.controlUi.dangerouslyAllowHostHeaderOriginFallback=true enables Host-header origin fallback mode, but it is a dangerous security mode.

    Example:

    {
      gateway: {
        controlUi: {
          allowedOrigins: ["http://localhost:5173"],
        },
      },
    }
    

    Remote access setup details: Remote access.